In recent years, blockchain has evolved far beyond its crypto roots. It’s now the backbone for everything from DeFi platforms and social networks to fully on-chain games. But one challenge still remains difficult: scalability. How do we scale blockchain to support millions of transactions per second, without compromising decentralization or security?
That’s exactly the problem Celestia is built to solve. And with the launch of MAMO-1, a high-bandwidth public testnet, Celestia is taking a major step toward proving that large-scale, modular blockchains aren’t just theory—they’re here.
What makes Celestia different?
Celestia introduces a modular approach to blockchain design. Unlike traditional monolithic chains like Ethereum or Solana, which bundle consensus, execution, and data availability into a single chain, Celestia decouples these layers.
This separation allows developers to build their own custom execution layers—aka rollups—while relying on Celestia solely for consensus and data availability. The result? A more scalable, flexible, and cost-efficient way to build and deploy blockchain applications.
Meet MAMO-1: A testnet built for scale
To demonstrate what modular architecture can truly achieve, Celestia launched MAMO-1, a public testnet that pushes the limits of data throughput. It produces blocks sized at 128MB every 6 seconds—that’s 21.33MB/s in throughput, more than 16 times larger than Celestia’s current mainnet (which supports 8MB blocks).
This kind of bandwidth is a game-changer for data-heavy decentralized apps, including:
- Fully on-chain games
- Zero-knowledge rollups
- Decentralized social platforms
- High-frequency financial apps
With MAMO-1, developers no longer need to worry about network congestion when scaling their ideas.
What’s under the hood?
MAMO-1 isn’t just a stress test. It introduces several real-world infrastructure elements that make it a meaningful proving ground:
- Realistic validator setup: The testnet runs with 21 validators geographically distributed across cities like Amsterdam, Paris, and Warsaw—emulating real-world latency and coordination challenges.
- Data Availability Sampling (DAS): Instead of downloading entire blocks, light clients can verify availability by sampling small parts of the data. This is crucial for enabling scalable and decentralized validation.
- Vacuum! – a smarter way to share data: Vacuum! is a new data dissemination protocol that uses “lazy gossiping”—only sending data to peers who request it. This drastically reduces bandwidth waste.
Even more impressively, Vacuum! enables Validator Availability Certificates (VACs), allowing validators to advertise which data chunks they possess and prioritize sending the most relevant ones first. It’s a smart, human-like approach to optimizing network efficiency.
One giant leap toward 1GB blocks
MAMO-1 isn’t the final destination—it’s just the first step. Celestia’s long-term vision is to support block sizes up to 1GB, and that journey is broken into three strategic phases:
- Abundant blockspace – Create enough bandwidth for a wide range of rollups and high-demand apps.
- Verifiable blockspace – Ensure data can be verified efficiently, maintaining integrity and trust.
- Frictionless blockspace – Remove technical barriers for developers and users, making modular blockchain as seamless as Web2 platforms.
In other words, Celestia aims to be more than fast—it’s designed to be foundational infrastructure for the next generation of Web3 apps.
MAMO-1 isn’t just a technical showcase—it’s a statement. It shows that modular blockchains can scale dramatically without sacrificing decentralization or usability.
With innovations like Vacuum!, DAS, and an architecture purpose-built for growth, Celestia is carving a clear path toward a world where data is abundant, verifiable, and accessible for everyone building onchain.
In a future where apps are decentralized by default, Celestia isn’t just a solution—it’s a promise: blockspace for everyone.
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